Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis...

Klebsiella pneumonia

is a member of the genus Klebsiella Enterobacteriaceae and belongs to the normal flora of human mouth and intestines. Infections, K. pneumonia, usually nosocomial and occur mainly in patients with low resistance. An important exception to these general observations outpatient primary invasive liver abscess syndrome that can occur in patients without major diseases and attract primarily been described in East Asia, including Taiwan [

]. (See below

).

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumonia will be considered here. Microbiology and pathogenesis of infection of C. pneumonia are discussed separately. (See)

People are the main reservoir for Klebsiella pneumonia, although the organisms can also be found in soil and water. K. pneumonia in water coast may be zoonotic pathogens of marine mammals [

]. Carrier rate of K. pneumonia in humans ranges from 5 to 38 percent in stool samples and from 1 to 6 percent strattera no prescritpion in the nasopharynx, Klebsiella species is rare in the skin [

]. Higher rates of nasopharyngeal carriage occurred in outpatient alcoholism [

]. Carrier rates significantly increased in hospitalized patients who reported rates of 77 percent in the feces, 19 percent in the throat, and 42 percent on hand [

]. Higher rates of colonization primarily associated with the use of antibiotics [

]. This increased prevalence of clinically important, since in one report, Klebsiella nosocomial infection is four times higher chair carriers compared with noncarriers [

]. .

Plasmids coding for resistance to antibiotics...

Some genes of resistance to antimicrobial but not found is

on the bacterial chromosome. Others were found to lie on plasmids. Plasmids coding for resistance to antibiotics is often called resistance

factors, R-factor or R-plasmids. R-plasmids can encode >> << resistance to multiple unrelated antibiotics. Some R-plasmid independently transmitted and can move from strain to strain

, even among different bacterial genera. Other R-plasmids,

, while not itself being transferred can be mobilized other plasmids,

not necessarily encode resistance to antibiotics. In addition,

antibiotic purchase strattera resistance genes are often located in transposons. They can move more or less at random bacterial genome. Genes encoded by transposons so can spread very easily, because

many mobile elements can be associated with contagious >> plasmids. << Thus, genes of resistance to antibiotics can be easily

common. Control of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic microbes

is one of the biggest challenges currently facing the medical

Microbiology. If we fail, we will surely enter the following antibiotics

era. . << >>

If the smell does not mention at this point...

Breath test odor test for the presence of amine compounds produced by anaerobic bacteria characterize bacterial vaginosis. Abnormally strong fishy smell and characterize bacterial vaginosis may, in fact, is the reason why the woman went to the doctor first. This odor may become apparent to the doctor after the vagina was wedged open mirror inserts for vaginal exam. If the smell does not mention at this point, breath test shall be a physician to determine the date or two drops of solution of potassium hydroxide in a teaspoon collected vaginal secretions can cause this characteristic odor. Unfortunately, in real world practice today, some doctors of primary health action fresh bottles of potassium hydroxide in their rooms for inspection of breath test. Wet mount preparation of simple microscopic slide, which was achieved by dropping two drops of a sample of vaginal fluid or two drops of water for injection. Prepare a wet mount examination and wet mount microscopy in power very long time, and for this reason, wet grief may be missing a lot of doctors studying women vaginal discharge or irritation. Key Cell is a microscopic imprint of bacterial vaginosis. Clue cells collection of vaginal cells that line that have been shed in vaginal secretions and other than "ground glass" appearance of a large number of anaerobic bacteria, adherence to the surface. When a doctor decides not to hold wet mount, he or she misses the opportunity cinch diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. It is important that the doctor does great damage to the patient as a wet mount can also be used for the study of vaginal discharge for fungal or "yeast" for infection or bacteria, sexually transmitted Trichomonas. Picture right is a pair of microscopic view of a typical "core cells" in the top photo and normal healthy cells in the vaginal bottom photo. These pictures kindly provided the Seattle STD / HIV Prevention Training Center at the University of Washington. The fact that here is a list that will be useful to take along when you go to the doctor's office. A. Doctor, you will perform pelvic? If not, why not? 2. Doctor, you will be strattera prescription my measuring the pH of the vagina? If not, why not? 3. Doctor, what is my pH of the vagina? 4. Doctor, you do wet mount? If not, why not? Is not it true that you can not say that the problem for me, either bacterial vaginosis or Trichomonas (or "trick" and the doctors cut it), if you wet mount? 5. Doctor, if I have bacterial vaginosis, you would be willing to prescribe metronidazole vaginal gel, and not give me a pill in your mouth? .